df has an integer column 'X'. For each value, count the distance back to the
previous zero (or the start, whichever is closer). Return this as a Series.
X = [7,2,0,3,4,2,5,0,3,4] -> [1,2,0,1,2,3,4,0,1,2]
Sample data:
df:
X
0 7
1 2
2 0
3 3
4 4
5 2
... (10 rows total)
solve(...)